Πέμπτη 18 Ιουνίου 2020


Medical Capacity-Building in War-Torn Nations: Kurdistan, Iraq as a Model
Publication date: Available online 18 June 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Renas Zibari, Thai Lagraff, Quyen D. Chu, Anand Annamalai, Sachin Sunny Jha, Lou Smith, Bharat Guthikonda, Hosein Shokouh-Amiri, Gazi B. Zibari
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Thu Jun 18, 2020 21:54
Impact of Deceased Donor Management on Donor Heart Use and Recipient Graft Survival
Publication date: Available online 17 June 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Elizabeth A. Swanson, Tony Adams, Madhukar S. Patel, Salvador De La Cruz, Michael Hutchens, Kiran Khush, Mitchell Sally, Claus U. Niemann, Tahnee Groat, Darren Malinoski
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Thu Jun 18, 2020 21:54
Design, application, and microbiome of sulfate-reducing bioreactors for treatment of mining-influenced water
Abstract Sulfate-reducing bioreactors, also called biochemical reactors, represent a promising option for passive treatment of mining-influenced water (MIW) based on similar technology to aerobic/anaerobic-constructed wetlands and vertical-flow wetlands. MIW from each mine site has a variety of site-specific properties related to its treatment; therefore, design factors, including the organic substrates and inorganic materials packed into the bioreactor, must be tested and evaluated...
Latest Results for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Thu Jun 18, 2020 03:00
Assessment of Cellular Oxidation using a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein
This protocol describes the assessment of subcellular compartment-specific redox status within the cell. A redox-sensitive fluorescent probe allows convenient ratiometric analysis in intact cells.
JoVE: Journal of Visualized Experiments
Thu Jun 18, 2020 21:38
Supervised Machine Learning for Semi-Quantification of Extracellular DNA in Glomerulonephritis
Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) released during cell death is proinflammatory and contributes to inflammation. Measurement of ecDNA at the site of injury can determine the efficacy of therapeutic treatment in the target organ. This protocol describes the use of a machine learning tool to automate measurement of ecDNA in kidney tissue.
JoVE: Journal of Visualized Experiments
Thu Jun 18, 2020 21:38
Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
Two fabrication techniques, lift-off and wet etching, are described in producing interdigital electrode transducers upon a piezoelectric substrate, lithium niobate, widely used to generate surface acoustic waves now finding broad utility in micro to nanoscale fluidics. The as-produced electrodes are shown to efficiently induce megahertz order Rayleigh surface acoustic waves. 
JoVE: Journal of Visualized Experiments
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:39
Manipulating synthetic optogenetic odors reveals the coding logic of olfactory perception
How does neural activity generate perception? Finding the combinations of spatial or temporal activity features (such as neuron identity or latency) that are consequential for perception remains challenging. We trained mice to recognize synthetic odors constructed from parametrically defined patterns of optogenetic activation, then measured perceptual changes during extensive and controlled perturbations across spatiotemporal dimensions. We modeled recognition as the matching of patterns to learned...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Combating sexual harassment
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
"Flash and freeze" synaptic plasticity
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
News at a glance
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Inflammaging? Blame T cells!
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Pandemic vaccines are about to face the real test
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarms
The vibrant evolutionary patterns made by earthquake swarms are incompatible with standard, effectively two-dimensional (2D) models for general fault architecture. We leverage advances in earthquake monitoring with a deep-learning algorithm to image a fault zone hosting a 4-year-long swarm in southern California. We infer that fluids are naturally injected into the fault zone from below and diffuse through strike-parallel channels while triggering earthquakes. A permeability barrier initially limits...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Can phone apps slow the spread of the coronavirus?
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Secrets of Meissner corpuscles
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
U.S. academic research funding stays healthy despite pandemic
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Simple structures to slow heating
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Incest in ancient Ireland suggests an elite ruled early farmers
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Different genetic barriers for resistance to HA stem antibodies in influenza H3 and H1 viruses
The discovery and characterization of broadly neutralizing human antibodies (bnAbs) to the highly conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) have contributed to considerations of a universal influenza vaccine. However, the potential for resistance to stem bnAbs also needs to be more thoroughly evaluated. Using deep mutational scanning, with a focus on epitope residues, we found that the genetic barrier to resistance to stem bnAbs is low for the H3 subtype but substantially higher for the...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
New tensions dim hopes for salvaging Iran nuclear deal
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Information arms race explains plant-herbivore chemical communication in ecological communities
Plants emit an extraordinary diversity of chemicals that provide information about their identity and mediate their interactions with insects. However, most studies of this have focused on a few model species in controlled environments, limiting our capacity to understand plant-insect chemical communication in ecological communities. Here, by integrating information theory with ecological and evolutionary theories, we show that a stable information structure of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs)...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
NIH requires disclosure about sexual harassment by grantees
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
COVID-19 and cancer
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Weather makers
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Older origins of measles virus
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
The origins of flowering plants and pollinators
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Tempting T cells
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Perovskite solar cells take a step forward
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Genetic variation in boreal conifers
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Dating the emergence of human pathogens
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Testing peer review in government
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Getting a grip on touch receptors
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Making ultrastrong steel tough by grain-boundary delamination
Developing ultrahigh-strength steels that are ductile, fracture resistant, and cost effective would be attractive for a variety of structural applications. We show that improved fracture resistance in a steel with an ultrahigh yield strength of nearly 2 gigapascals can be achieved by activating delamination toughening coupled with transformation-induced plasticity. Delamination toughening associated with intensive but controlled cracking at manganese-enriched prior-austenite grain boundaries normal...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Closing the radical gap in chemical synthesis
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Measles virus and rinderpest virus divergence dated to the sixth century BCE
Many infectious diseases are thought to have emerged in humans after the Neolithic revolution. Although it is broadly accepted that this also applies to measles, the exact date of emergence for this disease is controversial. We sequenced the genome of a 1912 measles virus and used selection-aware molecular clock modeling to determine the divergence date of measles virus and rinderpest virus. This divergence date represents the earliest possible date for the establishment of measles in human populations....
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Drug modulation by nuclear condensates
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Partitioning of cancer therapeutics in nuclear condensates
The nucleus contains diverse phase-separated condensates that compartmentalize and concentrate biomolecules with distinct physicochemical properties. Here, we investigated whether condensates concentrate small-molecule cancer therapeutics such that their pharmacodynamic properties are altered. We found that antineoplastic drugs become concentrated in specific protein condensates in vitro and that this occurs through physicochemical properties independent of the drug target. This behavior was also...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Using information theory to decode network coevolution
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Meissner corpuscles and their spatially intermingled afferents underlie gentle touch perception
Meissner corpuscles are mechanosensory end organs that densely occupy mammalian glabrous skin. We generated mice that selectively lacked Meissner corpuscles and found them to be deficient in both perceiving the gentlest detectable forces acting on glabrous skin and fine sensorimotor control. We found that Meissner corpuscles are innervated by two mechanoreceptor subtypes that exhibit distinct responses to tactile stimuli. The anatomical receptive fields of these two mechanoreceptor subtypes homotypically...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Understanding persistent gender gaps in STEM
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Ensemble activity and perception
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Creating a culture of change
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Mobile symptom tracking
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
What to do with our days
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
A plant-herbivore information "arms race"
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Academic societies' role in curbing police brutality
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Drug partitioning in nuclear condensates
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Finding contributors to allergy control
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Recent immigrants at increased pandemic risk
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Rot in the national bedrock
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Seismic swarms show the structure
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Monitoring mitophagy
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Promising antiviral protease inhibitors
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Set, exchange, measure, repeat
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Delicate dance becomes a ballet
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the etiological agent responsible for the global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2, Mpro, is a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. We designed and synthesized two lead compounds (11a and 11b) targeting Mpro. Both exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and potent anti–SARS-CoV-2 infection activity. The x-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Strong and tough steel
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Landscape-scale forest loss as a catalyst of population and biodiversity change
Global biodiversity assessments have highlighted land-use change as a key driver of biodiversity change. However, there is little empirical evidence of how habitat transformations such as forest loss and gain are reshaping biodiversity over time. We quantified how change in forest cover has influenced temporal shifts in populations and ecological assemblages from 6090 globally distributed time series across six taxonomic groups. We found that local-scale increases and decreases in abundance, species...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Speedy screen for tumor therapies
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Microfluidic electrochemistry for single-electron transfer redox-neutral reactions
Electrochemistry offers opportunities to promote single-electron transfer (SET) redox-neutral chemistries similar to those recently discovered using visible-light photocatalysis but without the use of an expensive photocatalyst. Herein, we introduce a microfluidic redox-neutral electrochemistry (μRN-eChem) platform that has broad applicability to SET chemistry, including radical-radical cross-coupling, Minisci-type reactions, and nickel-catalyzed C(sp2)–O cross-coupling. The cathode and anode simultaneously...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Resistance to influenza antibodies
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19
The rapid pace of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium to unite scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop the COVID Symptom Study, previously known as the COVID Symptom Tracker, mobile application. This application—which...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Land-use change and forest biodiversity
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence
The effect of immunometabolism on age-associated diseases remains uncertain. In this work, we show that T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria owing to mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) deficiency act as accelerators of senescence. In mice, these cells instigate multiple aging-related features, including metabolic, cognitive, physical, and cardiovascular alterations, which together result in premature death. T cell metabolic failure induces the accumulation of circulating cytokines, which...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Cutting it close for radical coupling
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Structural evidence for a dynamic metallocofactor during N2 reduction by Mo-nitrogenase
The enzyme nitrogenase uses a suite of complex metallocofactors to reduce dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia. Mechanistic details of this reaction remain sparse. We report a 1.83-angstrom crystal structure of the nitrogenase molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein captured under physiological N2 turnover conditions. This structure reveals asymmetric displacements of the cofactor belt sulfurs (S2B or S3A and S5A) with distinct dinitrogen species in the two αβ dimers of the protein. The sulfur-displaced sites are distinct...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Risks to mitigation potential of forests
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Undergrads in charge
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
The origins of pollination
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of encapsulated stable perovskite solar cells
Although perovskite solar cells have produced remarkable energy conversion efficiencies, they cannot become commercially viable without improvements in durability. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal signature volatile products of the decomposition of organic hybrid perovskites under thermal stress. In addition, we were able to use GC-MS to confirm that a low-cost polymer/glass stack encapsulation is effective in suppressing such outgassing. Using such an encapsulation...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Perovskite decomposition in detail
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38
Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests
Forests have considerable potential to help mitigate human-caused climate change and provide society with many cobenefits. However, climate-driven risks may fundamentally compromise forest carbon sinks in the 21st century. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of climate-driven risks to forest stability from fire, drought, biotic agents, and other disturbances. We review how efforts to use forests as natural climate solutions presently consider and could more fully embrace current scientific...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Jun 18, 2020 20:38

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