On May 24, 2019, the World Health Assembly voted to designate April 14 as World Chagas Day. The decision came after several years of advocacy efforts spearheaded by the International Federation of Associations of People Affected by Chagas Disease. April 14, 1909, was the day on which Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas first diagnosed the condition to which he gave his name, although the earliest detected case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a human being was in a 9000 year old Chinchorro mummy.
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A 62-year-old white woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis began monthly infusions of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitor tocilizumab (received eight doses of 4 mg/kg each) alongside daily oral prednisone (5 mg) and weekly methotrexate injections (20 mg subcutaneously), after unsuccessful treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy (etanercept 50 mg weekly and adalimumab 40 mg every other week). Because of inadequate clinical response after receiving eight 4 mg/kg doses, the dose...
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In the conclusion of their interesting Article, Daan Barug and colleagues state that their data “support a start of pertussis vaccination at age 3 months instead of 2 months in the case of timely administration of maternal Tdap [tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis] vaccination”.1 Although this might be true for pertussis vaccination per se, unfortunately no stand-alone pertussis vaccine is broadly available.2 In fact, in this study from the Netherlands, all infants received a diphtheria,...
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The Lancet Infectious Diseases has received several letters from concerned health professionals in Pakistan about HIV epidemics that appear to have stemmed from unsanitary and unregulated medical practice, usually in isolated, rural towns. In March, 2019, Braira Wahid reported an outbreak of HIV in a single village in Sargodha district, Punjab province, Pakistan, where the prevalence of HIV infection increased from 1% to around 13% in 6 months. Interviews with patients revealed that many of them...
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We have several points in response to Wouter Arrazola de Oñate's claim that only a few countries actively screen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in migrants.1
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Experts warn that extensive spraying of medical antibiotics could encourage the development of antimicrobial resistance. Roxanne Nelson reports.
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As of June 9, 2062 cases of Ebola have been reported in DR Congo since the outbreak began in August, 2018. The cases have been reported in North Kivu and Ituri provinces. 1964 cases have been confirmed and 94 are considered probable cases. 1390 patients have died and 569 have recovered. A further 280 cases remain under investigation. A total of 131 860 people have been vaccinated so far with the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine. Of those vaccinated, 36 424 were high risk contacts, 65 341 were contacts of contacts,...
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Findings from a study done in monkey cells and mice suggest that the American strain of Zika virus is more virulent than the other two subtypes: Pacific and southeast Asian. In monkey-derived Vero cells, the American subtype proliferated most (the southeast Asian type proliferated least). The American subtype also had the highest viral loads in the testes of mice (the southeast Asian type had the lowest) and, consequently, caused the most damage. The researchers posit that the virus acquired increased...
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We thank Laura Sticchi and colleagues1 for their pertinent comments on the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7) vaccination guidelines for patients with haematological diseases, including haematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.2,3 We answer their comments about antibody assessment below and address all other issues in the appendix.
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Pakistan has had a 45% overall increase in HIV cases from 2010 to 2017, with an annual incidence of 20 000.1 According to Pakistan's National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), nearly 165 000 people are living with HIV nationwide, of whom only 24 331 (15%) are aware of their condition. In 2019, so far only 17 149 patients registered with NACP have received antiretroviral treatment (ART).2 Poor awareness and illiteracy in rural areas of the country are likely to have adversely affected the AIDS control...
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The rate of notified disease during the study period was three-times the average over the preceding 3 years. Active case-finding through systematic PCR testing better clarified the regional epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease and uncovered an otherwise hidden burden of disease. These data inform local Legionnaires' disease testing strategies, allow targeted antibiotic therapy, and help identify outbreaks and effective prevention strategies. The same approach might have similar benefits if applied...
Tue Jun 11, 2019 01:30
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Patricia Priest and colleagues1 report the first near-nationwide study of routine systematic PCR testing to assess the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in hospitals in New Zealand. They found that the overall incidence was 5·4 per 100 000 population, and Legionella longbeachae, not detected by the urine antigen test, was the cause in 150 (63%) of 238 cases.
Tue Jun 11, 2019 01:30
Globally spreading lineages expressing invasive serotypes have an important role in serotype replacement, and emerging non-vaccine serotypes associated with different pneumococcal lineages in different countries might be explained by local antibiotic-selective pressures. Continued genomic surveillance of the dynamics of the pneumococcal population with increased geographical representation in the post-vaccine period will generate further knowledge for optimising future vaccine design.
Mon Jun 10, 2019 20:00
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Stephanie Lo and colleagues1 provide an interesting description of the genetic structure of 3233 pneumococcal strains causing invasive pneumococcal disease in children younger than 3 years from six countries where pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) had been implemented.
Mon Jun 10, 2019 20:00
Global under-5 mortality decreased by 50% between 1990 and 2016. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for under-5 mortality to be no greater than 25 deaths per 1000 livebirths. Since 1990, there has been tremendous progress towards this goal, with a reduction from 142 deaths per 1000 livebirths to 65 deaths per 1000 livebirths for the poorest quintile in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).1–2 Diarrhoeal diseases are estimated to result in 424 000 deaths in children younger...
Fri Jun 07, 2019 01:30
Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is lower and wanes more rapidly in high-mortality settings than in low-mortality settings, but the earlier peak age of disease in high-mortality settings means that live oral rotavirus vaccines are still likely to provide substantial benefit.
Fri Jun 07, 2019 01:30
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